With rapid population growth worldwide, green building and development is becoming increasingly important. The economic and environmental benefits provided through the operation and maintenance (O&M) of centralized WWTPs and passive onsite wastewater treatment systems were quantitatively examined through an analysis of the unit cost, embodied carbon, and embodied energy of wastewater treatment.

This session looks at the hazards associated with wastewater and wastewater systems. It explores the concepts of safety management while discussing proper safety equipment to prevent injuries, immunizations recommended for onsite professionals, good hygiene practices, the common causes of accidents and how they might be prevented.